SIMPLE PAST-PAST CONTINUOUS

1) While I.....................................................(watch) television, the telephone ...........................(ring)
2) When the telephone ..............................(ring), I ..........................................(switch) off the television.
3) As I ....................................(go) to school, I.............................................(see) a friend.
4) When I ...........................................(see) my friend, I .....................................(say) "Hello".
5) Casey ................................................(stand) outside the bank when a thief ..............................out. (run)
6) When Casey ..................................(see) the thief, he .........................................(shout) "Stop, thief!"
7) It.......................................to rain (start) while I .....................................(wait) for the bus.
8) When it ..........................................(start) to rain, I..................................(put) my coat on.
9) Peter .................................................(carry) the cat when it .........................................him (scratch)
10) When the cat .....................................(scratch) Peter, he ............................................(fall) off the ladder

PRESENT PERFECT OR SIMPLE PAST 3 GROUP A-B

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PRESENT PERFECT OR SIMPLE PAST 2?

iF YOU WANT TO PRACTISE FOR THE TEST:

1) I don´t know where Amy is. ..................................................(you-see) her?
2) When I ..........................(get) home home last night, I ....................(be) very tired and I
........................(go) straight to bed.
3) Your car looks very clean. ............................................(you-wash) it?
4) George ..................................(not-go ) to school last week because he (not-be) very well.
5) Mr. Clark ................................(work) in a bank for 15 years and he ............................(never-be) absent.
6) Molly lives in Dublin. She.............................(live) there all her life.
7) We ..............................(already-complete) the exercise
8) A: ....................................(it-finish) raining yet?
B: Yes, it ...................................(finish) an hour ago.
9) Mary looks relaxed. ............................................(she-be) on holidays?
10) A:" Hello! Is Tom in?"
B: "No, sorry, he ..................................(go) to his house"

PRESENT PERFECT OR SIMPLE PAST? (2)

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PRESENT PERFECT OR SIMPLE PAST?

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EXERCISES

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What do you know about pandas?

READ PANDAS: cuddiest of all bears!

1. Describe giant pandas
2. Where do they come from?
3. How were pandas known outside China?
4. Where do giant pandas live?
5. Why were pandas forced to live up into the mountains?
6. What do pandas eat?
7. Describe a panda at birth.
8. How do they spend the day?
9. Do they have permanent dens? Where do they shelter?
10. What can they do?
11. Are giant pandas at risk of becoming extinct? What are their major threats?
    
12. How tall are they?
13. How much do they weigh?
14. What did Chinese people think about pandas?
15. What does the 6th finger allow the panda?
16. Can pandas be dangerous?
    

CLIMATE CHANGE

Global warming is the term used for the continuous rise in average temperatures on planet Earth. It is caused by the greenhouse effect in the Earth´s atmosphere. Some greenhouse gases occur naturally in the atmosphere, like water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone. Since the Industrial Revolutuion, we have been altering the planet´s climate and environment by changing agricultural and industrial practices. As a reuslt, the levels of most of the natural greenhouse gases have increased and the earth is getting hotter.

Data collected during the 20th century suggest that global temperatures have risen, precipitation has increased all over the world with more significant increase in high latitude areas and more decrese in many tropical areas, sea level has risen worldwide by approximately 15-20 cm because of melting of glaciers and the expansion of ocean temperatures.

The effect of global warming and a changing climate will not be felt equally across our planet.

Some cold countries might gain by becoming warmer but many more will experience the adverse effects of increased heat, especially in the spread of tropical diseases and insects. Rising temperatures will lead to great turbulence in weather patterns, leading to storms, floods and droughts.

Our irresponsible destructions of the environment through individual and industrial pollution is creating a dangerous world. The IPCC (Inter-governmental Panel for Climate Change) says that if we do not take action now global average temperatures will increase between 2ºC and 3ºC by 2100 and the Earth will turn into a sauna.

ECCO QUIZ

What do you know about...?

1. Greenhouse gases make

• the Earth lose heat
• the Earth gain heat

2. The concentration of greenhouse gases started to increase

• during the World War II
• during the Industrial Revolution

3. Greenhouse gases

• exist naturally in the atmosphere
• result from human activities

4. If global warming occurs,

• the level of the sea will rise
• the level of the sea will fall

5. Climate chage affects

• only Artic species
• all Earth species

6. By 2100 global temperatures may go up

• 1ºC
• 3ºC
• 
  

Score 2 points for each correct answer. How do you do? Find out!

Results:
0-3: Hmmm...
3-6: You need more information
6-10: good
10-12: You´re an expert 

ANSWER

1) What does the global warming mean?
2) What does "greenhouse effect" mean?
3) Whay are greenhouse gases dangerous?
4) What changes have occurred since the beginning of the 20th century?
5) What consequences may global warming bring?

ON LINE DICTIONARY

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PANDAS

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REPORTED SPEECH-GRAMMAR

REPORTED SPEECH

1) ORDERS /REQUESTS 2) STATEMENTS (AFFIRMATIVE-NEGATIVE) 3) QUESTIONS a) YES-NO QUESTIONS b) WH-QUESTIONS

1) ORDERS (told-ordered-commanded)/REQUESTS (asked-requested)

Affirmative commands	Negative commands
Father (me): "Do your homework!."	Teacher (them). "Don't talk to your neighbour!"
Father told me to do my homework.	The teacher ordered them not to talk to their neighbour.

Affirmative requests	Negative requests
Helen (her sister) "Open the window, please!"	Billy (the people) : “Don´t smoke here, please?
Helen asked her sister to open the window.	Billy asked the people not to smoke there
Frank: (his wife) :”Can you help me, please?
Frank asked his wife to help him

2) STATEMENTS (said)

Backshift of tenses
from	to
Simple Present	Simple Past
Simple Past	Past Perfect
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
will	would
Progressive forms
am/are/is	was/were
was/were	had been
has been
had been

DIRECT SPEECH		REPORTED SPEECH
Peter: "I work in the garden."	Peter said that he worked in the garden.
Peter: "I worked in the garden."	Peter said that he had worked in the garden.
Peter: "I have worked in the garden."
Peter: "I had worked in the garden."
Peter: "I will work in the garden."	Peter said that he would work in the garden.
Peter: "I can work in the garden."	Peter said that he could work in the garden.
Peter: "I may work in the garden."	Peter said that he might work in the garden.
Peter: "I would work in the garden." (could, might, should, ought to)	Peter said that he would work in the garden. (could, might, should, ought to)
Progressive forms
Peter: "I'm working in the garden."	Peter said that he was working in the garden.
Peter: "I was working in the garden."	Peter said that he had been working in the garden.
Peter: "I have been working in the garden."
Peter: "I had been working in the garden."

If the sentence contains an expression of time, you must change it as well.

Peter: "I worked in the garden yesterday."
Peter said that he had worked in the garden the day before.

Shifting of expressions of time

DIRECT SPEECH	REPORTED SPEECH
this (evening)	that (evening)
today/this day	that day
these (days)	those (days)
now	Then, at that moment
(a week) ago	(a week) before
last weekend	the weekend before / the previous weekend
here	there
next (week)	the following (week)
tomorrow	the next/following day

Note:

In some cases the backshift of tenses is not necessary, e.g. when statements are still true.

John: "My brother is at Leipzig university."
John said that his brother was at Leipzig university. or
John said that his brother is at Leipzig university.

or

Mandy: "The sun rises in the East."
Mandy said that the sun rose in the East. or
Mandy said that the sun rises in the East.

3)QUESTIONS (asked-wanted to know)

a)

YES-NO QUESTIONS: …asked + if + subject + verb
DIRECT SPEECH	REPORTED SPEECH
Peter: (me)"Do you play football?"	Peter asked me if I played football
Millie: (Peter): “Have you finished your work?”	Millie asked if Peter had finished his work

b)

WH-QUESTIONS: …asked + wh-word + subject + verb
DIRECT SPEECH	REPORTED SPEECH
Peter: "When do you play football?"	Peter asked me when I played football.
Helen : “Where did they spend their holidays? “	Helen asked where they had spent their holidays

THE WELSH PATAGONIA

THE WELSH PATAGONIA

a) ASK QUESTIONS

1) ……………………………………………………………………..……..?

In 1865

2) …………………………………………………………………………….?

In the south of Argentina

3) ………………………………………………………………………………?

Port Madryn

4) ………………………………………………………………………………...?

153

5) ………………………………………………………………………………….?

On the home, the school and the chapel

6)…………………………………………………………………………………..?

They were practical

7) …………………………………………………………………………………?

In 1878

8) ……………………………………………………………………………………?

About Patagonia

9) ………………………………………………………………………………….?

On July 28th

10) …………………………………………………………………………………?

Yes, it is

b) READ THE TEXT AND FIND:

1) 5 Passive sentences 4) 2 sentences in Past Continuous

2) 5 sentences in Simple Past 5) 1 sentence in Present Continuous

3) 5 adjectives

c) QUESTIOS FOR COMPREHENSION

1) Where did the ship the Mimosa sail from?

2) What did the immigrants want to find?

3) What was beginning to disappear?

4) What did the Argentinian government give them?

5) Who taught them to hunt?

6) What was their economy based on?

7) What happened to the Welsh language as the years passed?

8) Who was Gwilyn Roberts and what did he do?

9) What happens in the Patagonia nowadays?

10) What is celebrated on July 28th?

d) READ THE TEXT AND COMPLETE

1) The name of a ship…………………………………….

2) The immigrants´nationality………………………….

3) The immigrants´ambition…………………………………………………………

4) The name of a native group……………………………

5) The immigrants were called……………………………………………

6) ……………………………………was looking for volunteers to go to Patagonia

7) A holiday: …………………………………………….

8) Two languages: ………………………………………..

9) The Welsh are people from………………..

10) Location of Port Madryn: ………………........................................................

..............................................................................

K´S FIRST CASE. Guide for reading

K´S FIRST CASE: Guide to read the story

1. Describe the people in the story
2. What happened on November 17th?
3. Describe Sir Michael´s house
4. Describe Sir Michael´s study
5. What clues did K find?
6. What things didn´t K find?
7. What happened in K´s first theory?
8. What happened in K´s second theory?
9. What happened in K´s third theory?
10. What happened in K´s fouth theory?
11. What did Sir Michael usually do?
12. What did Mrs Flack say about Sir Michael and Lady Elizabeth?
13. Where was Miss Everett that night?
14. What did Lady Elizabeth say about her husband?
15. What did Colonel Fawcett quarrel with Sir Michael about?
16. What did Angela feel about Lady Elizabeth?
17. What did Angela really love?
18. Why didn´t Andrew Cavell like Sir Michael?
19. How long has Nancy been with the family?
20. Did she like Angela? Why?
21. Look at page 48 and describe each picture
22. Who put the mechanism in the wall behind the freezer? Everyone had reasons for killing Sir Michael

Was… a) Lady Elizabeth? b)Colonel Fawcett? c)Angela Everett?
d)Andrew Cavell? e)Nancy Flack?


Reasons for killing Sir Michael:
a)..................................................................
....................................................................
b)..................................................................
....................................................................
c)..................................................................
....................................................................
d)..................................................................
....................................................................
e)..................................................................
....................................................................

23. What did Sir Michael write to Andrew Cavell?
24. How did Angela feel about Sir Michael when she knew about this letter?
25. Who made the bow which killed Sir Michael?
26. How did the mechanism work?
-the murderer put the ……………in the freezer before 9 o´clock
-Michael ………………the ice-tray
-the icicle went into the ………………on the bow
-the string went ………………….
-the icicle went like an ……………………

27. Describe Nancy´s plan
–she ……………into his study last night
–she put the ………………in the freezer
–she ………………the icicle in the big refrigerador in the kitchen
–she put the ………………………..in the wall behind the freezer
–she ………………leave any fingerprints

28. Who was the murderer?
29. Who did the murderer really want to kill? Why?

Thank God someone´s making waves-GREENPEACE

The natural world is under violent assault from man.

The seas and rivers are being poisoned by radioactive wastes, by chemical discharges and by dumping of dangerous toxins and raw sewage. The air we breathe is polluted by smoke and fumes from factories and motor vehicles; even the rain is poisoned.

It´s little wonder forests and lakes are being destroyed and everywhere wildlife is disappearing. Yet the destruction continues.

Governments and industries throughout the world are intensifying their efforts to extract the earth´s mineral riches and to plunder its living resources.

The great rain-forests and the frozen continents alike are seriously threatened. And this despite the warnings of the scientific community and the deep concern of millions of ordinary people.

Despite the fact, too, that we can create environmentally-clean industries, harness the power of the sun, wind and waves for our energy needs and manage the finite resources of the earth in a way that will safeguard our future and protect all the rich variety of life-forms which share this planet with us.

But there is still hope. The forces of destruction are being challenged across the globe - and at the spearhead of this challenge is Greenpeace.

Wherever the envionment is in danger, Greenpeace has made a stand. Its scientific presentations and peaceful direct actions at sea and on land have shocked governments and industries into the awareness that Geenpeace will not allow the natural world to be destroyed.

Those actions, too, have won the admiration and support of millions.

Now you can strengthen the thin green line; you can make your voice heard in defence of the living world by joining Greenpeace today.

Thank God someone´s making waves.

GUÍA DE LECTURA

1) Acción del hombre sobre la naturaleza:.......................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

2) Qué reciben: a) ríos y mares

b) la atmósfera

.....................................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................................

3) Consecuencias sobre los recursos naturales:(minerales, etc): .........................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................................

5) Advertencias:........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................................

6) Desarrollos positivos posibles: ............................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................................

7) Actitud y acciones de Greenpeace:...................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................................

8) Adhesiones:..........................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

9) Interpretación del título:...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................................

EXPLIQUE

1) It´s little wonder forests and lakes...

2) Greenpeace has made a stand.

3) .............have shocked ....................into awareness that...............

4) You can make your voice heard.

EXERCISES

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CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Let´s practise Conditional sentences

ADVERBS

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